Introduction to Citalopram

Citalopram, chemically known as 1-[3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-5-isobenzofuranitrile hydrogen bromide, with the English name Citalopram, is a selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and a racemic compound. It selectively inhibits 5-HT transporters, preventing presynaptic membrane reuptake of serotonin (5-HT).

Synonyms
5-ISOBENZOFURANCARBONITRILE,1,3-DIHYDRO-1-(3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL)-1-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-;1-[3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL]-1-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-1,3-DIHYDRO-5-ISOBENZOFURANCARBONITRILE;LU-10-171;CELEXA;(+/-)-CITALOPRAM;CITALOPRAM;CITALOPRAM HYDROBROMIDE SALT;NITALAPRAM

Product Specification
Product Name: Citalopram
CAS No.: 59729-33-8
Molecular Weight: 324.39
EINECS: 261-891-1
Formula: C20H21FN2O
Density: 1.18±0.1 g/cm³ (Predicted)

Function
Citalopram is a racemic SSRI that selectively inhibits 5-HT transporters, interrupting presynaptic membrane reuptake of serotonin, thereby prolonging and enhancing 5-HT’s activity to produce an antidepressant effect. It has demonstrated strong clinical efficacy in treating elderly patients with depression and anxiety symptoms. With a mild action profile, minimal drug interactions, and a favorable safety record, it exercises negligible impact on other neurotransmitter systems—particularly cholinergic muscarinic receptors, histamine receptors, and α-adrenergic receptors—making it ideal for older adults.

Application
A recognized second-generation antidepressant, Citalopram exhibits potent and targeted suppression of 5-HT reuptake inhibition. It is utilized in the management of depression, Alzheimer’s-type dementia, and multi-infarct dementia.

Common Adverse Reactions
Side effects typically subside quickly and are usually mild, most prominent within the first or second week of treatment, often resolving as depressive symptoms improve. Commonly reported reactions include:

  1. Nausea, dry mouth, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, reduced sleep duration, excessive sweating, low saliva production, trembling, and diarrhea.
  2. May induce hormonal imbalances, manic episodes, rapid heart rate, and orthostatic hypotension.
  3. Isolated cases of seizures.
  4. Studies indicate a potential for sexual dysfunction.

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