What is Glucosamine?
Glucosamine powder is a naturally occurring amino monosaccharide that plays a vital role in synthesizing proteoglycans within the human articular cartilage matrix. Its molecular formula is C₆H₁₃NO₅, with a molecular weight of 179.2. Structurally, it forms when a hydroxyl group in glucose is replaced by an amino group. It dissolves readily in water and other hydrophilic solvents. In nature, glucosamine is commonly found in microbial and animal-derived bound polysaccharides, existing as N-acetyl derivatives (like chitin) or as N-sulfates and N-acetyl-3-O-lactate ethers (muramic acid).
Synonyms
2-Amino-2-deoxyglucose; D-Glucose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-; Shrimp-Derived Glucosamine; Synthetic Glucosamine; 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose; 2-Amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose; 2-Amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose.
Specification
- Product Name: Glucosamine powder
- CAS NO.: 3416-24-8
- Molecular Weight: 179.17
- EINECS: 222-311-2
- Formula: C₆H₁₃NO₅
- Boiling Point: 311.69°C (rough estimate)
Function
Glucosamine is a fundamental component required for proteoglycan synthesis in the cartilage matrix. Proteoglycans enable articular cartilage to absorb impact by restraining the tensile forces of collagen fibers. In the early stages of joint degenerative diseases, biosynthesis of aggregated glucans increases; conversely, it declines in later stages. This leads to reduced cartilage elasticity and the development of arthritis symptoms. Amino monosaccharides like glucosamine can stimulate chondrocytes to produce glycoproteins with a normal polymeric structure, inhibit enzymes that damage articular cartilage (such as collagenase), protect chondrocytes from damage by corticosteroids and some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and reduce the release of endotoxin factors that harm cells.
The supplementation of exogenous glucosamine may play a beneficial role in the progression of arthritis. In vitro, when glucosamine was supplemented, chondroforming polymorphichic cells synthesized more glucan aggregates. In animal models of arthritis, glucosamine also acts as an antioxidant, inhibiting the production of cell-damaging superoxide radicals. Through these mechanisms, glucosamine exerts a direct anti-inflammatory effect. This can alleviate the painful symptoms of osteoarthritis, enhance joint function, and help prevent the progression of the condition.
Application
- Immune Regulation: Glucosamine is involved in the body's sugar metabolism and is widely distributed throughout the system. It has a close physiological relationship with humans and animals. By combining with substances like galactose and glucuronic acid, it helps form hyaluronic acid and keratan sulfate—molecules with important biological activities that contribute to bodily protection.
- For Osteoarthritis: Glucosamine is a crucial nutrient for human chondrocyte formation and a basic substance for aminoglycan synthesis. It is a natural component of healthy articular cartilage. As we age, the body's glucosamine levels deplete, leading to cartilage degradation and wear. Extensive medical research in the United States, Europe, and Japan has demonstrated that glucosamine can help repair and maintain cartilage and stimulate the growth of chondrocytes.
- Antioxidant and Anti-aging Properties: Research has investigated the antioxidant capacity of chito-oligosaccharide and its protective effects against CCl₄-induced liver injury in mice. Results indicate it possesses antioxidant abilities and provides a relatively significant protective effect, though it does not reduce DNA oxidative damage. Further studies on glucosamine's ameliorative effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury showed it could increase the activities of major antioxidant enzymes in the liver while reducing levels of AST, ALT, and malondialdehyde (MDA), suggesting glucosamine has certain antioxidant capacities. However, it also did not reduce DNA oxidative damage caused by CCl₄. Various in vitro and in vivo methods have been used to study glucosamine's antioxidant activity and its ability to activate immune responses. The findings show that glucosamine can effectively chelate Fe²⁺ ions, thereby protecting lipid macromolecules from oxidative damage by hydroxyl radicals.
- Antimicrobial and Preservative Aspects: Researchers selected 21 common food spoilage bacteria to study the antibacterial effects of glucosamine hydrochloride. The results showed that glucosamine had a clear antibacterial effect on all 21 bacterial strains, with the impact being most pronounced against certain species. As the concentration of glucosamine hydrochloride increased, the bacteriostatic effect grew progressively stronger.
Packaging & Delivery
Standard packaging is 25 kg per drum. For orders exceeding 50 kg, air freight is available. For orders over 100 kg, sea freight can be arranged.
| Cargo Weight | Packing Specification | Shipping Method | Estimated Lead-time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 - 50 kg | <5 kg in foil bag; 5-25 kg in two-layer PP bag, then into carton or cardboard drum | International Express | 7-10 days |
| 100 - 200 kg | 25 kg/drum in two-layer PP bag, then into cardboard drum | Air Freight | 7-10 days |
| Over 500 kg | 25 kg/drum in two-layer PP bag, then into cardboard drum | Sea Freight | 20-45 days |
FAQ
- Can I get a free sample?
Yes, we provide free samples of Glucosamine powder for client evaluation. Please note the shipping cost will be borne by the client. - What are the payment options and terms?
We accept payments via T/T, Credit Card, Western Union, PayPal, and other methods. - How do you ensure product quality?
We have nearly a decade of experience in this industry and a mature quality control procedure. All products undergo a final inspection before shipment to prevent any issues. - Do you offer OEM services?
Yes, we accept OEM orders. Please contact us with your specific requirements. We will provide a competitive price and prepare samples as soon as possible. - How can I contact you?
You can reach us via email, Skype, or WhatsApp. You may also send us an email or give us a phone call. All our contact information is displayed on our website.
At Extract Makers, we supply a wide range of pharmaceutical raw materials. If you have any questions or would like more information, please do not hesitate to contact us via email: [email protected].
